Learning Python

In [19]: s='\xebmail'

In [20]: s

Out[20]: 'ëmail'

In [28]: file=open('unicode.txt','w',encoding='utf-8')

In [29]: file.write(s)

Out[29]: 5

In [30]: file.close()

In [31]: file=open('unicode16.txt','w',encoding='utf-16')

In [32]: file.write(s)

Out[32]: 5

In [33]: file.close()

In [34]: raw=open('unicode.txt','rb').read()

In [35]: raw

Out[35]: b'\xc3\xabmail'

In [36]: len(raw)

Out[36]: 6

In [37]: raw2=open('unicode16.txt','rb').read()

In [38]: raw2

Out[38]: b'\xff\xfe\xeb\x00m\x00a\x00i\x00l\x00'

In [39]: len(raw2)

Out[39]: 12

In [40]: raw.decode('utf-8')

Out[40]: 'ëmail'

In [41]: raw2.decode('utf-16')

Out[41]: 'ëmail'

In [42]: raw.decode('utf-16')

Out[42]: 'ꯃ慭汩'

1. Byte Order, Size, and Alignment

2. Format Characters

Reference

https://docs.python.org/3.7/library/struct.html

In [19]: c=['a','b','c','a','b','a','d']

In [20]: c.count(1)

Out[20]: 0

In [21]: c.count('a')

Out[21]: 3

In [22]: c.count('b')

Out[22]: 2

In [23]: c.index('b')

Out[23]: 1

In [28]: c.insert(2,0)

In [29]: c

Out[29]: ['a', 'b', 0, 'c', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'd']

In [31]: c.remove(0)

In [32]: c

Out[32]: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'a', 'd']

In [33]: c.pop()

Out[33]: 'd'

In [34]: c

Out[34]: ['a', 'b', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'a']

In [35]: c.pop(1)

Out[35]: 'b'

In [36]: c

Out[36]: ['a', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'a']

In [37]: c.extend([1,2])

In [38]: c

Out[38]: ['a', 'c', 'a', 'b', 'a', 1, 2]